Countries and Nationalities

Dialogue in Romaji Mike: Ginkou wa doko desu ka. Yuki: Asoko desu. Mike: Nan-ji kara desu ka. Yuki: Ku-ji kara desu. Mike: Doumo. Dialogue in Japanese : : : : : Dialogue in English Mike: Where is the bank? Yuki: It is over there. Mike: What time is the bank open from? Yuki: From 9 oclock. Mike: Thanks. Do you remember how to ask someone what country he or she is from? The answer is Okuni wa dochira desu ka 㠁Šå› ½Ã£  «Ã£  ¯Ã£  ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Dochira 㠁 ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€° and doko 㠁 ©Ã£ â€œ both mean where. Doko is less formal. How do you say, What time is it? The answer is Nan-ji desu ka ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹ Todays question is Nan-ji kara desu ka ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹. Kara 㠁‹ã‚‰ is a particle and means from. Quiz Translate into Japanese. Check your answers at the end of the lesson.(1) Im from Japan.(2) Im from England. Here are some vocabulary for the names of the countries.   Nihon Japan Ingurando England Amerika America Itaria Italy Chuugoku China Kanada Canada Doitsu Germany Mekishiko Mexico Furansu France Oosutoraria Australia Click here to learn how to write the names of the countries in katakana. Expressing the nationality is easy. Just put jin (ä º º) (which means person or people) after the name of country.   Nihon-jin Japanese Amerika-jin American Kanada-jin Canadian Answers for the Quiz(1) Nihon kara desu. æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š(2) Igirisu kara desu. ã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ®Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š

What is a Huricane Essay - 1099 Words

In this paper I will talk about what is a hurricane. How they are formed. What time of the year they happen. Inform the reader on the different categories that a hurricane have. Also I will inform about the major hurricanes that happened in the United States. A hurricane or a tropical cyclone is an intense, rotating oceanic weather system that possesses maximum sustained winds exceeding 119 km/hr (74 mph). It forms and intensifies over tropical oceanic regions. Hurricanes are generally smaller than storms in mid-latitudes, typically about 500 km (311 miles) in diameter. At the ocean’s surface, the air spirals inward in a counterclockwise direction. This cyclonic circulation becomes weaker with height, eventually turning into clockwise†¦show more content†¦Warm and moist air from the ocean will begin to rise at rapid rates. As this warm air rises the water vapor condenses to form dark storm clouds and droplets of rain. Surfaces pressures begin to decrease as water vapor condenses and releases latent heat into areas where the tropical disturbance is located. (Latent heat is heat energy that is released during the phase change of water vapor.) This latent heat causes the air to become less dense. The warm air then rises; as i t rises it becomes cooler and expands. That triggers more condensation and releases more latent heat, which allows more air to rise. A chain reaction is now in place. The exchange of the heat from the surface creates a pattern of wind that moves around the center. Then converging winds—which are winds moving in different directions that run into each other—converging winds at the surface collide and then push warm air downward and the moist air upward. The rising air backs up the air that is already rising from the surface. So then, wind speeds of the storm increase. In the meantime, strong winds that are blowing at high speeds and at high altitudes help to remove the hot rising air from the storms center. But if there are wind shears; the storm will weaken. Not all hurricanes are going to be same the same when they arrive. Some will be very weak to totally destruction. There areShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of The World1569 Words   |  7 Pagesevil and beyond the control or cause of man. I do not think of these type of events as being evil in of themselves, but to say man has no part in them is incorrect. Who build the road and drove the car? These things occurred by the actions of man. Huricanes and earthquakes may well be part of the earth’s natural cycles and man is simply caught in them as a result of the fall. God being fully aware of the course mankind would follow created a good and perfect world as a demonstration of His love forRead MoreEssay on Fema4227 Words   |  17 PagesCharlie, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne. FEMA and other federal aid were on time and effective. President Bush gave personal attention to victims. It has even been speculated that this treatment won Florida for President Bush in his re-election run. So what happened? The complete catastrophe that was Hurricane Katrina is well known by all. Virtually everything that could’ve gone wrong with emergency aid did, and blame has been passed all around between all levels of government. There are accusationsRead MoreHow Sm Jaleel Went Global12239 Words   |  49 PagesMay, 2005 Preface The conceptual framework for this document is the result of a partnership approach between public sector agencies and the private sector. It attempts, within the context of the 2020 VISION for national development, to outline what must be done – given the current national, regional, and global situation - and seeks to make the most of the strengths and opportunities of the Food and Beverage Processing Industry while minimising the weaknesses and eliminating or reducing the threats

The Young Turks Fight Against the Decline of the Ottoman...

Between 1301 to 1922, in the region north of present day Syria, was known as the Ottoman empire. It was rooted in the belief that Islam as an ideology should be in power. One territory held by the Ottoman empire was their homeland of Turkey. In 1907, the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, wanted for the most part to have people who were educated outside of the country limited in what they could do, and if not then they were expunged, as he thought that they were the cause of his land’s plight and decline. This resulted in him becoming very unpopular with his people, thus having many secret societies created practically under his nose. The most important being The Young Turks. The Young Turks, a group of young military officers who wanted to keep†¦show more content†¦The actual orders for the extermination of the Armenians was sent out via telegram in codes to all provincial governors throughout Turkey. Armed, they began rounding up Armenians on April 24, 1915, as 300 Armenian political leaders, educators, clergy and dignitaries in Constantinople, briefly jailed, and then shot or hanged. Next, the mass arrests of Armenian men throughout the country by the Turkic was ordered and executed by Turkic volunteers, police and soldiers. The men were tied together with rope in small groups and taken to the outskirts of their town, where they were either shot to death or bayoneted by death squads. Local Turkic also came in and often joined in on the killing. Next it was time for the Armenian women, children and elderly. They were told to pack very little belongings and told under pretext that they would be transferred out of military-zones for their own safety, when really they were being taken on death marches through the Syrian desert. Muslim Turks who assumed instant ownership of everything quickly occupied the majority of the homes and villages cleared of Armenians. In many cases, local Turks took them from their families spared the children from the deportation. These children were coerced into denouncing Christianity, becoming Muslim and given new Turkic names. For Armenian boys, the forced conversion meant that they each had to endure painful circumcision, as was required by Islamic tradition. The death marches during theShow MoreRelatedWhy Was Gallipoli Important?1309 Words   |  6 Pages The Ottoman empire, at the turn of the 20th century was considered one of the weakest empires in the entirety of Europe, weakened by political instability, military defeat and civil strife after a century of decline. In 1908 a group called the â€Å"Young Turks† seized control of Constantinople, while a figurehead Sultan was put in place in 1909. After this a period of reform happened that modernized the out-dated political and economic systems and to redefine the racial make up of the empire. GermanyRead MoreThe Middle East And The European Powers Changes During The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries1294 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle east† gives us some of the events that happened in the Middle East during nineteen century such as; Central Political Reforms and Local Responses 1. The Hatt-I-Serif Decree Initiates the Tanzimat, or Reform, Period in the Ottoman Empire, November 3, 1839 2. An Ottoman Government Decree Defines the Official Notion of the â€Å"Modern† Citizen, June 19, 1870 3. Mirza Malkum Khan Satirizes Iran’s Central Government and Religious Elites, 1880s 4. Jamal al-Din Al-Afghani Answers Ernest Renan’s CriticismRead MoreFall of the Ottoman Empire Essay3046 Words   |  13 PagesAdnan Khawaja 1EP-5 4/2/12 (Super Awesome Title) The Ottoman empire; one of the greatest empires in history. The Empire, at its height, ruled most of the land around the Mediterranean. It contributed much to culture, science, religion, war, politics, and the world. Its monumental fall will be known throughout history. How can the swift decline of the Ottoman power be explained? Perhaps the best way to understand how important this event was, there needs to be a brief explanation of the historyRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire ( 1299 ) Essay6958 Words   |  28 PagesEmpire, Ottoman The Ottoman Empire (1299?1923) was a Turkish-Muslim state that existed for more than six hundred years. It was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in history, and it represented one of the greatest civilizations of the modern period. Its territories, at its height, included Anatolia (part of present-day Turkey), the Middle East, parts of East and North Africa, and southeastern Europe, comprising a total area of more than 22 million square kilometers (about 8.5 million squareRead MoreThe Never Ending Cycle Of Violence1146 Words   |  5 Pageseconomically, and socially. As this idea of self-determination expanded amongst superior powers, this concept also began spreading globally amongst Third World countries and individual groups, after WWII. Regions which were once controlled by the Ottoman Empire, face daily violence in means to establish their own control amongst people of mixed cultures, ideas, and religions. In this paper I will argue that the never ending cycle of vio lence, which is still present today was caused by self-determinationRead MoreThe Situation And Discourse Of The Ottoman Empire1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthe situation and discourse in the Ottoman Empire (which would become Turkey) were different than what occurred in the American context, there are parallels between the two. In Turkey, the fear of a declining population was also a determining factor that led to the encouragement of woman to procreate and resulted in damnation of the practice of abortion. After the Russo-Ottoman War of 1877-78 there was widespread fear throughout the empire of a supposed decline in the Muslim population, and in 1890Read MoreThe Battle Of Gallipoli By Winston Churchill And Mustafa Kemal2908 Words   |  12 PagesArmy. His plan was to entirely ignore the Western fronts and instead send the British Navy to attack the Eastern fronts where the Ottoman empire was located. Churchill believed it would be an easy attack because they were an empire that was i n decline for centuries, they were weak. Churchill decided to join allies with France, Russia and the ANZAC’s and the Ottoman Empire reluctantly joining in war with the Germans which then they became allies. Churchill’s plan was to make sure the Germans would haveRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict Between Islam And Judaism Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pageswhich it emerged damaged, enfeebled, no longer the living faith shared by ruler and subject, but as an ideology, a political weapon against European domination or else a system of ethics which educated men, unable to believe in revelation but shrinking from atheism, were disposed to adopt as most convenient and least contentious† (6) After the decline of the Ottoman Empire and their consolidation into Turkey, Arab Nationalism became a way governments appealed to their people to create a unified frontRead MoreWar Is A Necessary Condition For The Occurrence Of Genocide2083 Words   |  9 Pagescommitted against groups with intent to destroy their existence (Ushmm.org, 2016). There are various motives and numerous reasons as to why genocides may occur, however this paper will seek to address the extent to how, if at all, the concept of war being a necessary condition for the occurrence of genocide, as well as looking at correlations between war and genocide using specific examples to determine whether war is a necessary condition or not. The Armenian Genocide of 1915 was the Ottoman GovernmentsRead MoreHst276 Week 42234 Words   |  9 Pagesgovernment regulation, led to China’s 3rd Commercial Revolution, which lasted from 1500 and 1800. Economic advances during this time, which extended into the Qing era, included the tribute system for textile manufacture, trade with the tondo empire through the port of Manila, expansion of private banks from Shaanxi into other provinces, flourishing intermediate market towns, and trade in staples like grain and cotton. b. The late imperial system of political control relied on a large

Welfare Reform - Welfare Recipients MUST take Personal...

Welfare Reform - Welfare Recipients MUST take Personal Responsibility Public Welfare is an important support system of the United States government. Welfare has its benefits, but the system has pitfalls. Instead of abolishing welfare as critics of the system suggest, reforms can be made to correct the problems while government, either on the state or federal level, can continue to assist the impoverished. The term welfare is used to describe a variety of programs that provide income support and create a safety net for poor individuals and families. Such benefits include Supplemental Security Income, Medicaid, food stamps, housing allowances, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Aid To Families With Dependent†¦show more content†¦However, workforce discrimination and lack of affordable child care make it difficult for single mothers to be employed outside of the home. In addition, the low-wage, no-benefit jobs available to welfare recipients do not pay nearly enough to lift a family above the poverty line. (Extra 1-3) Welfare recipients are very aware of the system that they are involved with. They know that without welfare, they would be much worse off. Recipients of welfare payments know that these payments are inadequate. They must deal with a daily strain of benefits that, in almost every state, do not even take them near the poverty line. People on welfare are also frustrated because the program actually penalizes employment and savings. Any money earned above what is minimally needed causes benefits to be lost. In addition, any savings that the family has causes the family to be ineligible to continue receiving welfare payments and benefits. It is obvious that wel fare has its benefits. It is just as obvious, however, that the system has pitfalls. The welfare system must not be abolished, but simply reformed. Welfare must remain to help people get back on their feet, but it must be reformed so that dependence on government is avoided. Job training and education must be integrated into a new welfare system so that when welfare payments stop, recipients have the skills to gain full time employment to support their families. Any reforms that are made mustShow MoreRelatedEssay about Welfare Reform: Promoting Independence and Self-Reliance1740 Words   |  7 PagesWelfare Reform: Promoting Independence and Self-Reliance Mary Smith gets up every day at 6 am and begins to hustle around the house. She rouses her three children from their slumber and forces them to get ready for school. Once the kids are on the bus, she hops in her car and heads off to her job at the local fast food restaurant. After working her seven hours at the restaurant, she goes to her night course at the college in town. The course she is taking will help her get her high schoolRead MoreIs Our Government Family Friendly? The United States Welfare System1654 Words   |  7 PagesThe Welfare system in the United States began around the 1930s to help those in need. It was created for the unemployed and underemployed to use in helping out with the needs of their families. This original program lasted until 1996, when the federal government stopped the federal aid to all poor and cut welfare to poor women with children. In 1996 the New Deal was created, and it created health and nutrition programs, minimum wage, subsidized housing, Aid to families with dependent childrenRead MoreWhy The 1981 Failed At Reforming Social Security Under The Reagan Administration Failed1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Security reform (Derthick, Teles 187), it had a poor working relationship with Congress on the issue (Derthick, Teles 185), and leadership, on part of the president, was lacking (Derthick, Teles 192). In contrast, the attempt at reforming welfare in the 90s, as chronicled in Chapter 4 of Gary Bryner’s The Great American Welfare Reform Debate Politics and Public Morality, was successful because the Clinton administration worked with Congress (Bryan, 110) and welfare reform was popular amongRead MoreWelfare Reform Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pagesdebated about a systematical program called welfare. Some perceive it as dead weight to our nation and they question whether the programs offered are helping the community. As taxpayers, the American populous funds contribute to welfare for others. Due to the large number of people who receive government assistance, it is not that simple to monitor every individual. However, I propose that welfare should be reformed. Society is abusing the access to social welfare and to prevent the downfall sure to comeRead MoreThe Politics Of Welfare Reform Moving From Afdc To Tanf1769 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Welfare Issues Changes and Responses to Change The politics of welfare reform moving from AFDC to TANF It is easy to see that the politics that led to the adoption of AFDC as a social program and policy and the way in which AFDC expanded was quite radically different from the political trends that led to the welfare reform of 1996. And in discussing welfare state retrenchment Paul Pierson makes what seems to be an argument based on semantics as much as substance. It takes him several pagesRead MoreWelfare Reform3205 Words   |  13 PagesWelfare Reform: A Permanent Solution or a Temporary Band-Aid? Welfare: handouts to the lazy, or a helping hand to those facing hard times? The debate continues, even in the face of sweeping welfare reform, which, for all of its sound and fury, has not helped or changed much. Whats wrong with welfare and how can we fix it? This is not a simple question, and there is no simple answer. However, one thing remains eminently clear. Welfare desperately needs to change. But where are we now? Are weRead MoreThe Effects Of Welfare On The United States1455 Words   |  6 Pagesan improved method of help should be put into effect: welfare(Magoon 23). Welfare was designed to temporarily assist the poor escape the clutches of poverty but has come at an ever increasing financial and emotional cost, because of this cost some officials want a reformation of the system while others maintain the benefits provided far outweigh the cost, so a compromise of twenty-eight hour work week to earn the privilege of receiving welfare benefits that would in turn save taxp ayer money and continueRead MoreEssay on Welafre reform3319 Words   |  14 Pages Welfare Reform vs. Employment: A Permanent Solution or a Temporary Band-Aid? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Welfare: handouts to the lazy, or a helping hand to those facing hard times? The debate continues, even in the face of sweeping welfare reform, which, for all of its sound and fury, has not helped or changed much. Whats wrong with welfare and how can we fix it? This is not a simple question, and there is no simple answer. However, one thing remains eminentlyRead More Management Issues of Implementing Welfare to Work Programs In California3087 Words   |  13 PagesManagement Issues of Implementing Welfare to Work Programs In California In August of 1996, our chief executive of the United States, President Clinton, changed the structure of welfare dependency. He signed into law, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. This act, with its entire new legislature, has come to be known as welfare reform. Our state leaders, administrators and managers face many challenges and constraints in their attempt to implement a law, whichRead MoreWelfare Reform : Promoting Personal Responsibility And Serving The Needs Of The Poorintroductionduring Bill Clinton3724 Words   |  15 PagesWelfare Reform: Promoting Personal Responsibility and Serving the Needs of the PoorIntroductionDuring Bill Clinton’s campaign for Presidency in 1992, he promised Americans that he would make it his priority to end welfare as we know it (Clinton). This goal was made in response to the increase of public pressure to reform a system that many believed had become wasteful and ineffective. In response to this critici sm, Clinton called attention to the importance of work instead of dependency on the government

A Brief Note On The Roaring Dragon Hotel - 1517 Words

The Roaring Dragon Hotel An effective Study to Improve Intercultural Communications Tejaswi Ananth Suryadevara Sullivan University Managerial Communication Skills (MGT 510) Executive Summary This proposition is a framework for building viable interchanges and having social mindfulness among intercultural gatherings. As, on account of the Roaring Dragon Hotel absence of successful intercultural correspondence is distinguished as one of the prime explanations behind it to end the agreement with HI administration group, an European administration group that was selected for its modernization to attain to universal five-star status. In spite of the fact that HI group holds sound business notoriety in the west, it†¦show more content†¦2). HI administration when it took over in 2002 fizzled not just to communicate with the RDH administration and its staff additionally they did not try to see if the employees understood the directions and policies, since it was a whole new scenario. In order to reach the international status or five star Hotel status. Hotel International started taking changing few established policies of Roaring Dragon Hotel, though the intention was to succeed, but those policies resulted in loss and also did not help to improve the quality standards, main cause being conflict between the employees of RDH and HI management. After RDH was taken over by HI, and since it was a Chinese hotel the its relationship with the families was given more importance and they were treated friendly with respect, (Grainger, 2008) but after the contract everything changed, they were not treated friendly which led to depression among the employees. RDH staff was facing lots of issues like working for long hours under HI and they were feeling the pressure and fear of being laid off in case they don’t work and much of the staff which was working for past 30 years had to speak in English, all these factors also lead few of them to start looking at opportunities outside RDH. The turnover rate at RDH should have be reduced, HI should have taken care of the staff with little more respect. They should also have appointment managers who at least had done their education in the west but whose roots areShow MoreRelatedEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesShannon. Are you star gazing? Yeah, would you two like to join me? Sure, Jane answered. The two sat down on both sides of him. What is your favourite constellation? Jane asked Zack. Well, it used to be Draco, because he was a dragon and I thought that was cool. But since star gazing with Thomas, that changed. Ive gained an appreciation for Orion. He was this hunter so great that he challenged the gods that he could kill any animal. The gods responded to his hubris and createdRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesâ€Å"Sponsored Links.† These â€Å"Links,† because of their relevance to the search, would be clicked on more often than if they were labeled simply â€Å"Ads.† They decided to display the links in a clearly marked box above the free search results. The ads would be brief and look identical, with just a headline, a short description, and a link to a web page. But these would be targeted ads, offering a major advantage for advertisers confronted with the huge wastage of advertising reaching uninterested audiences.

Consideration Adequate or Commercially Realistic

Question: Discuss about the Consideration Adequate or Commercially Realistic. Answer: Introduction In Australia, to make any valid contract, the basic ingredients that are required are agreement (offer plus acceptance), consideration, legal intention and capacity of the parties. Though all elements are very important but amongst all consideration is one of the significant elements which are required in any contract formation[1]. In this present essay, the definition of consideration is evaluated. An attempt is also made to understand as what a valid consideration comprises off. Whether it is sufficiency of the consideration that makes it valid or whether it is its adequacy that makes any consideration legal in law? This theme of the essay is grounded with case laws and various primary and secondary sources of law. Now, the foremost issue that requires analysis is the brief understating on the law of consideration. Elements of contract One of the significant Element of Law - Consideration As already discussed the basic ingredients that are required are agreement (offer plus acceptance), consideration, legal intention and capacity of the parties. Consideration is one of the significant elements in contract formation. The concept of consideration was evaluated in English cases which were later followed by the Australian courts in order to give edge to the contract and their enforceability. In Currie v Misa[2], Lush J submitted that consideration can be some kind of profit, interest, rights or benefit which can be gained by one party or it can be some kind of detriment, forbearance, responsibility or loss which is endured by some other party[3]. In Australia, the basic requirements for the presence of valid considerations are; Firstly, a consideration of past nature is invalid in law[4]; secondly, it must always move from the promisee or claimant[5]; Thirdly, every kind of consideration should not be against the policy of the public, immoral or illegal[6]; Fourthly, the promisor must always make some kind of request to the promisee; Fifthly, there must be sufficiency of consideration. In Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co[7], it was analyzed that any gain to the promisor or any loss to the promisee is consideration regardless of its adequacy. The only requirement is that it must have some value in the eyes of law; Sixthly, performance of an existing duty is not a valid consideration in law[8].[9] So, it can be submitted that consideration is nothing but something of value in the eyes of law which is moved from the promisor to the promisee to support the promises that are exchanged amid the parties. Every valid consideration causes some kind of loss to the promisee for which the promisor is promising to pay some kind of gain or benefit. From the above essentials it is clear that consideration must be sufficed but need not be adequate. But, to authenticate this statement with the help of case laws, it is first important to understand some fundamental terminologies that are related to the word consideration, that is, nominal, illusionary, inadequate, sufficient consideration. All these terms will help in understating the true nature of the term consideration. Nature of consideration whether it is sufficiency or adequacy Illusionary and inadequate consideration As already discussed, in the leading case of Currie v Misa[10] consideration was defined as some kind of profit, interest, rights or benefit which can be gained by one party or it can be some kind of detriment, forbearance, responsibility or loss which is endured by some other party[11]. Thus, the consideration must move at the desire of the claimant or the promisee. From the basic understanding on the elements of consideration, it is also crystal clear that a consideration should not be illegal, immoral or against public policy. In law, any promise to act or not to act which is based on consideration should be of some kind of substance. A consideration should not be illusionary, such as, a promise to do an act which is legally imposed[12] or to perform an existing duty[13] or uncertain or vague promise[14]. It is settled law in Wigan v Edwards[15] that any consideration which is illusionary in nature and which has no substance in law has no relevance and is not a consideration in la w at all. Thus, an illusionary consideration is neither sufficient nor adequate; rather it is no consideration at all[16]. Thus, it is clear that illusionary consideration has no relevance in law. It is neither sufficient nor adequate to gave meaning to the conceit that what kind of consideration is valid in law, it is sufficient or adequate, because an illusionary consideration is no consideration at all. However, an illusionary consideration is different from inadequate consideration.As an illusionary consideration is no consideration at all, an inadequate consideration is something which is not equivalent to the actual price for the act or forbearance. But, whether an inadequate consideration is valid or not is discussed in Woolworths Ltd v Kelly[17] where it was held that the courts are not interested in the inadequacy of the consideration. The only requirement is that the consideration should be legal and not illusionary. Thus, that means that the courts are submitting that there is no requirement for any adequacy of the consideration. Does that mean that the only requirement is that consideration should be sufficient? This statement can only be evaluated by understating the fundamental principle behind nominal consideration and then moving ion to analyze the when sufficient considerations were held to be valid. Nominal consideration In the contract law, a consideration should not be illusionary or illegal but a nominal consideration was held to be valid in the eyes of law. The court has held that the feelings, emotions, etc are not good consideration in the eyes of law. But, even a nominal or small amount of consideration to support the promises was held to be valid in law. In Thomas v Thomas[18], the court has held the repairs and rent even though are very negligible but still hold good consideration to support the promises that are exchanged amid the promisor and the promisee. It was held that a nominal consideration is valid in law and is enforceable in law[19]. So, after having a brief analyzing that a consideration can be nominal but cannot be illusionary and considering the fact that the courts are not interested in taking any kind of heed on the inadequacy of the consideration, it is now time to actually understand as to what amounts to a valid consideration. When a consideration is legal in law, only when it is adequate or only a sufficient consideration is also enough to support a contract and make it enforceable. Sufficiency of consideration - valid in law A consideration is a significant element in the formation of contract. It is a must to make any contract enforceable. But, it has been found with the help of series of cases that the courts are not reluctant in establishing that a sufficient consideration is enough to make a contract valid. But what is sufficient consideration in law. Sufficiency of consideration submits that the consideration have some value in law regardless of the fact what its monetary value is? The consideration to support the promises may not be equivalent to the actual price of the contract but till the time the consideration has some value in the eyes of law, it was held to be sufficient and is enough to make the contract enforceable. A promise to support another promise is found to a valid sufficient consideration to make the contracts enforceable[20]. Validity of sufficiency of consideration is not a new concept and can be found in an age old principle which was decided in 1602 in a popular case called Pinnels case, wherein it was decided by the courts that if any party pay a nominal amount of money for the settlement of the full claim then the same can also be regarded as enough consideration to make the promises enforceable in law. There is no requirement for the consideration to be adequate to support the promises. The courts have given legality to the concept of sufficiency of consideration[21]. The rule was reciprocated in 1880 and courts has given due recognition when a nominal amount is considered to be sufficient consideration against the settlement of full amount[22]. But, later, the sufficiency of consideration is not restricted to some nominal amount of money. But, the courts have given regard to the acts of the promisee to be considered as sufficient consideration to support the contracts. The court held that if one pa rty loses his liberty against an agreed amount then the act of losing liberty is considered to be sufficient consideration in eyes of law even though it is not adequate[23]. Also, a minimal amount to lure the promisee to carry out tasks was held to be sufficient consideration in the eyes of law and to hold the contract valid amid the parties. a consideration of 1 per week by the promisor to the promisee so that promisee takes care of the child was found sufficient though not adequate in the eyes of law[24]. The concept of sufficient was given due recognition in 1960 in the leading case of Chappel v Nestles[25]. In this case, one company submitted that if any person provides a postal order of1 shilling along with three shillings, then, that will amount to be sufficient consideration and such person will get a prize of a record. The court established that even though the wrappers are worthless and is not an adequate consideration but still it has sufficiency and holds valid in the eyes of law. All the above cases proves one significant point, that is, in law, in order to consider any consideration valid, what is required is not the adequacy of the consideration as the same is very subjective in nature and varies with person to person, but, what is required is the sufficiency of consideration and is more than enough to hold any contract valid in the eyes of law. But, even the concept of sufficiency has its own loopholes which are submitted herein below. Concerns over the current law The major concern over the current law on consideration, that is, there is no need for adequacy of consideration rather a sufficient consideration is enough to hold the contract valid in law, can be evaluated by discussing two major cases. In Chappel v Nestles Ward v Byham case, the courts submitted that even a sufficient consideration is valid in law (chocolate wrappers were found to be a valid consideration and a very small quantity amount of money for the happiness of the child). But, a promise to stop another party from complaining is not found to be sufficient consideration to hold the contract valid[26].So, the courts are themselves are not unanimous in their own approach[27]. Conclusion It is thus concluded that consideration can be some kind of profit, interest, rights or benefit which can be gained by one party or it can be some kind of detriment, forbearance, responsibility or loss which is endured by some other party. The presence of consideration is must to hold any contract valid in the eyes of law. It is one of the significant elements in the eyes of law. But, the true nature of consideration is what makes it valid in the eyes of law. From the series of cases it is concluded that a valid consideration need not be adequate in the eyes of law. What is required is that the consideration should have some sufficiency in the eyes of law even when the same is not equivalent to the promises that are exchanged amid the parties. It is not important that the consideration must be much or adequate in nature, the only requirements is that it has some relevance in the eyes of law to make it valid and enforceable in law. References Books/Articles/Journals E Clark, Cyber Law in Australia (2010), Kluwer Law International. LA Bygrave, consideration, 2013, JUS5260 Spring 2013 Consideration . McKendrick Liu, Contract Law: Australian Edition (2015), p 89, Palgrave Macmillan. The law Teacher, Analysing The Doctrine Of Consideration In Law 2016. Tutorhunt, should consideration be abolished?, 2017. Case Laws Alliance Bank Ltd v. Broom (1864). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893]. Collins vGodefrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950 Chappel v Nestles [1960]. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. Dunton v Dunton (1892)Pinnel's Case (1602). Roscorla v. Thomas (1842) Stilk v Myrick[1809] EWHC KB J58 Tweddle v. Atkinson (1861). Thomas v Thomas (1842). Wyatt v. Kreglinger and Fernau (1933). Williams v. Williams (1957). Ward v Byham [1956] Woolworths Ltd v Kelly (1991) 22 NSWLR 189. White v Bluett(1853) 23 LJ Ex 36 Wigan v Edwards (1973) 47 ALJR 586. E Clark, Cyber Law in Australia (2010), Kluwer Law International. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. McKendrick Liu, Contract Law: Australian Edition (2015), p 89, Palgrave Macmillan. Roscorla v. Thomas (1842). Tweddle v. Atkinson (1861). Wyatt v. Kreglinger and Fernau (1933). Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (1893). Williams v. Williams (1957). LA Bygrave, consideration, 2013, JUS5260 Spring 2013 Consideration. Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153. Collins vGodefrey (1831) 1 B Ad 950. Stilk v Myrick[1809] EWHC KB J58. White v Bluett(1853) 23 LJ Ex 36. Wigan v Edwards (1973) 47 ALJR 586. W Twyford, The Doctrine of Consideration 2002, University of technology, Sydney. Woolworths Ltd v Kelly (1991) 22 NSWLR 189. Thomas v Thomas (1842). The law Teacher, Analysing The Doctrine Of Consideration In Law 2016. Alliance Bank Ltd v. Broom (1864). Pinnel's Case (1602)[22] Couldery v Bartrum (1880).[23] Dunton v Dunton (1892). Ward v Byham [1956] Chappel v Nestles [1960]. White v Bluett(1853) 23 LJ Ex 36. Tutorhunt, should consideration be abolished?, 2017.

A Difficult Decision Essay Example For Students

A Difficult Decision Essay Word Count: 309Steve Bayne1/31/00English IVMr. LarsonPersuasive EssayThroughout each of our lives, we go through many trials. Life seems like a big smack in the face at times. Anyone can relate to this, because no one has had a perfect life, a life without blemish. Hardships are a part of life, without them we wouldnt learn the difference between hot and cold or right and wrong. The decisions we make now will affect us for the rest of our lives. Ive had my share of hardships in the first 17 years of my life. Ive faced some difficult times, nothing compared to the future Im sure. At the moment I am torn in a decision that could affect my whole life. This decision could make me a wealthy, prosperous man one way and another it could increase my health and standard of living. It could also make me very unhealthy and even place me on the very lowest of the social scale. You wonder What in the world could be so dramatic that it could affect someones life so drastically? Its simply a choice between Scott Bathroom Tissue or Soft N Gentle Bathroom Tissue. Remember that the decision you make could bless your life, or damage it. You may think that this topic is unusual and rather out of bounds, but if you think about it, it really is a big controversy. You shouldnt think about how you feel about this, you should take into account your bottoms feelings, because basically thats the usual area its used. We should take this decision into depth, shall we? Scott Bathroom Tissue is in the lower class of toilet paper. If bathroom tissue had a social scale similar to ours, then Scott tissue would be the hobo bums that live on the streetstill worth somet